Archive for the 'Technology' Category

Cooking as Coding

If it is not already obvious, one of my favorite hobbies is cooking. Recently, as I was toiling away on a seafood risotto, I had a realization: cooking is a form of coding. People might enjoy cooking for many of the same reasons people enjoy coding. If you think about it, the similarities between these two activities are striking:

  • Fundamentally Creative. When you cook, you are engaged in a fundamentally creative task. You are using your hands and your skills to build something. This is no different than when you sit down to code; you are the master of your food (or program’s) destiny.
  • Scientific Basis. Cooking is not a realm of mysterious alchemy. It is based upon rigorous principles of chemistry and physics. To create a delicious meal, you need to obey those scientific principles. When you write code, you similarly ought to understand the computer science and mathematics that underlies your work.
  • Real-Time Debugging. Coders love to constantly test and debug in real-time. They like to quickly write a function, test it out, and revise it as needed. The same is true in cooking. Debugging consists of sticking your spoon in and having a taste. Then you adjust your ingredients or technique as necessary.
  • Open-Source Documentation. Within both cooking and coding, there is a beautiful culture of sharing knowledge. Cookbooks, of course, are a form of open documentation. More importantly, ask most anyone for a recipe of something they’ve made, and they oblige. Both cooks and hackers take a pride in their creations and love to share their code/recipes.
  • Black-Box Abstraction. Meals can be modularized into constituent parts. For example, a pie consists of a crust and filling. To make a pie more easily, you can use an off-the-shelf crust, even if you don’t know how it was made. This black-box abstraction resonates well with a programmer’s instinct to reduce complexity through modularization.
  • Instant Gratification. This might be the most important attribute. In many fields of engineering, you have to wait a long time to see the results of your work (e.g., building a bridge). The fact that coders can quickly play with their creations is what attracted many of them to computer science in the first place. Cooks get to enjoy this exact same kind of instant gratification. A chef’s code is edible!

Given the vibrant similarities between cooking and coding, I would love to see software engineers have a stronger influence on the discipline of cooking. Beyond the gizmos of molecular gastronomy, here are a few more cultural ways engineers could improve cuisine:

  • More science-based culinary training. With the exception of Harold McGee’s On Food and Cooking, very few (cook)books teach much about the science of food. As a result, very few people really understand the science behind cooking. This inhibits their creativity in the kitchen. Instead, it’d be wonderful to see more cooking texts that teach science– from the physiology of taste, to the chemistry of ingredients, to the thermodynamics of heat transfer.
  • More innovative recipe templates. The canonical recipe template (e.g., opening notes, ingredient list, prep instructions) is out of date. There is a lot of room to innovate on how we articulate recipes. There are, for example, better ways of visualizing parallel activities, or incorporating video demonstrations of standard techniques. Recipes need to come into the 21st century.
  • More knowledge of reverse-engineering. Whenever coders come across a new piece of technology, they try to figure out how it works. They are masters of reverse-engineering. People are often the same way when they enjoy new dishes at restaurants. By learning a more rigorous methodology for reverse-engineering meals, people could greatly enhance their cooking technique.

Can you think of other ways the culture of computer science can enhance the culinary world? Given that software engineers revel in both the artistic and technical demands of the creative process, I think that geeks are bound to make fantastic contributions to the culinary arts.

iFridge: A Dock for Mounting Your iPad to Your Fridge

The iPad would make the ideal kitchen computer. Mounted on the fridge, away from all the grime of the countertop, it would be an outstanding central hub for recipes, music, family photos, calendars, and weather/news alerts.

Inspired by a project I completed earlier this year, where I mounted an old laptop to my fridge, I came up with an idea: Why not create a dock that clips to the iPad and magnetically mounts it to a fridge? It would be a true iFridge!

Design Principles

I was excited enough by this idea to enlist the help of my friend Dan Lockton. Dan was a classmate of mine at Cambridge and he is a brilliant and thoughtful designer. With his help, we came up with the following criteria to inform the design:

* Low cost. As this is merely a plastic accessory for the iPad, we wanted to keep costs as low as possible so as many people as possible could enjoy the benefits.

* Heavy duty. People will be spending hundreds of dollars on an iPad. We figured they wouldn’t trust their device to a clip that felt very flimsy. It had to be secure.

* Versatile. Fridge doors are of varying curvature and profile, so we opted to make it a 2-layer design. The rear layer allows for curvature flexibility and vibration insulation.

Conceptual Drawings

Dan took these principles and put together a preliminary design. Though there is a lot of room for improvement of the design, we think it is an excellent starting point! Here are the rough CAD renderings illustrating the concept:

Making it (for) Real

Initially, I thought we might be able to finance this project ourselves and do the first manufacturing run based upon pre-orders. Silly me. Turns out that manufacturing is more expensive than I thought. Using a custom part estimator tool, we priced out what our preliminary design would cost. For a production run of 10,000 units, it turns out that it would cost around $10 per unit. To put it mildly, that is more pocket change than we can spare.

Rather than letting this idea die, I’ve decided to make it part of my iWant series, which are ideas that I am sharing with the world in the hopes that someone will make them real.

I believe the most promising possibility for carrying forward this project is to submit it as an idea to the Quirky community. For those of you who aren’t familiar, Quirky is a community of designers that collaboratively create physical products. Once the community finishes the design, Quirky manufactures and sells the most promising items. Revenues are shared with all the people who contributed to the design. I think the iFridge would be a perfect project for Quirky. Submitting an idea to Quirky costs $100. Perhaps there is someone out there willing to donate that sum so that we can submit this project to Quirky? Anybody? Anybody?

Market Opportunity

One final word before putting a bow on this idea. I predict that the market opportunity for an iFridge dock is immense. While you could make a little bit of money just selling the accessory itself, I think there is a more interesting business model out there:

Consider the fact that the kitchen (and the fridge in particular) is the most valuable piece of advertising real estate in the entire house. If you can get an iPad on the fridge, and provide an iPad app with live content from the web that people find valuable, you will have just created an ideal network of domestic billboards.

So rather than sell the iFridge dock for money, it might be smarter to give them away at substantial discounts (perhaps even free), and instead build your revenues based upon usage of your iPad app. To encourage downloads of the app, include the app’s logo on the iFridge dock as well as on the iFridge’s packaging. If you must charge for your app, perhaps include a coupon/discount with the iFridge, or vice-versa. Either way the goal should be the same: use the iFridge as the hook, and monetize instead based upon app usage.

This should be a no-brainer for cooking websites like Epicurious. Epi, if you are out there, get in touch and we’ll talk! Beyond the cooking sites, there are bound to be other enterprising developers who have ideas for useful kitchen computing apps. For those folks, consider supporting the iFridge; it could help you unleash a wave of kitchen innovation.

Update: We’re now collecting donations for this project! Please donate to help us cover Quirky’s submission fees.

Update 2: We succeeded in raising enough donations to submit this concept to Quirky! Given that 7 different people contributed, clearly there is market demand for this product. Keep your fingers crossed that the community chooses to make this product a reality….

Reincarnating an Old Laptop as a Fridge Computer

My wife and I are heavy users of laptops in the kitchen. We frequently choose recipes from the web, and then refer to them on our laptops when cooking. The problem is that when our laptops are on the counter, they take up valuable space and they can get awfully dirty. Being an certified MIT computer science nerd, I wondered, is there a better way?

I set out to take an old laptop that we no longer use and give it a new life as a fridge-mounted kitchen computer. I nicknamed it the iFridge. It worked like a charm! Have a look at the picture below. We use our iFridge not only to look up recipes on Epicurious, but we also stream Pandora, and have a few weather/news widgets to keep us up-to-date.

For those interested in more technical details in case you want to do-it-yourself, here is a rough step-by-step:

  • Started with an old Compaq Evo n410c. It was so old it couldn’t run any recent version of Windows. Basically, it was waiting for the junkyard. However, it had the benefit of being a very slim device.
  • Installed Ubuntu Linux. There was a lot of fiddling necessary with the kernel to get it to support the non-standard WiFi card that is built into the laptop, but I’ll spare you those details. The good new is that with Linux, this laptop is quite zippy!
  • Installed Firefox. The goal was to have the device be completely “cloud-powered” so I’d never have to worry about updating miscellaneous software. I also installed the SpeedDial extension to enable quick launches from the Firefox home screen.
  • Configured SpeedDial with shortcuts to Epicurious, AllRecipes, and MyRecipes. Also added shortcuts to Pandora and Hulu (there’s nothing like watching the Daily Show to kill time while waiting for water to boil). Also configured a couple weather and news widgets.
  • Mounted the laptop to the fridge. Since our fridge door isn’t magnetic (oddly enough), I opted to use a sling design to mount the laptop. I used two interlinked ribbons, one that went around the top edge of the door, and the other which went around the waist of the laptop. Due to the subtle curve of the fridge door, the laptop actually hugs the door quite tightly. Even when the fridge is opened or closed! Lastly, I concealed the power cord underneath the ribbon and traced it around the hinge towards the outlet. That way you can’t even see the cord and it doesn’t interfere with the motion of the door.
  • Enjoyed! Our iFridge has undoubtedly changed the way we cook in the kitchen. We have all the internet’s food knowledge (as well as its entertainment) on demand and in a convenient spot.

I urge everybody out there who has an old laptop to consider reincarnating their device as an iFridge.

Things That Think

The first great wave of internet innovation was getting people online. That revolution is currently in full swing. The next wave of internet innovation will be getting all the other things in the world online (such as objects, places, etc). If you thought that first wave was great, just wait for this next one. Today the internet allows you to efficiently interact with documents all around the world. Imagine what the world will be like when you can interact with any thing in the world– and those things can interact with each other. This post attempts to describe what might be some opportunities for entrepreneurs who wish to build such a future.

The business implications of this future, which many call the “Internet of Things“, are summarized quite cogently in a new McKinsey Quarterly article. In typical McKinsey style, the authors come up with a very helpful framework for understand the possibilities within the Internet of Things. They describe two general categories of applications:

  • Information and analysis (including tracking behavior, enhanced situational awareness, and sensor-driven analytics)
  • Automation and control (including process optimization, optimized resource consumption, and complex autonomous systems)

The article gives plenty of interesting examples of these applications, from smart jet engines that allow airlines to pay per unit of thrust, to smart farm equipment that uses satellite imagery to deliver just the right amount of water to each corner of a field, to smart data centers that efficiently balance load to reduce power consumption.

Although the article does a good job discussing the business implications, it doesn’t touch on the new business opportunities. If you just read the article quickly, you might go away thinking that each business will have the responsibility of implementing these smart systems themselves. Clearly, that is not realistic. The Internet of Things is going to be as transformative to the way businesses conduct operations as the spreadsheet was to the way businesses use personal computers. Just as it would have been silly for businesses to build Excel themselves, they are going to need a lot of help in taking advantage of the Internet of Things.

The way I see it, there will be three categories of startups that will be essential to helping businesses utilize the Internet of Things: The Sensors (to collect the data), The Plumbers (to transmit and integrate it), and The Miners (to analyze and act upon it).

The Sensors

To create an Internet of Things, all of these “things” need to have chips within then that allows them to sense their environment and transmit data over the network. Given current trends in semiconductor technology, it seems natural that these will be available as integrated systems-on-a-chip. Given the high capital costs to bring these to market, this is really Intel’s game to lose. It is going to be hard for new entrants to get the upper hand, although there may be some opportunities to grow from a niche, like Canesta is doing in building sensors that detect human gestures.

The Plumbers

This is where it gets interesting. Once all the “things” have sensors and networking, how can we organize the data streams that they will want to pass to each other? Who will provide the plumbing?

Idealists like me might hope for open data standards that allow for seamless sharing of data between all kinds of devices. But don’t bet on it. In recent years, the technology industry has shown that it is very slow to converge on data sharing standards. By the time they do, the game has already been won by a simpler (and closed) proprietary system. Take for example FOAF versus Facebook. FOAF has been around for a long time, but Facebook has won the war over the social graph.

Taking this example, what we can imagine is a Twitter or Facebook-like platform for devices. Instead of people “following/friending” each other and sharing various bits of information, this will be a platform for devices to “follow” one another and share various bits of information. Say you want to build a system that requires access to traffic information. Your system will be able to “follow” real-time streams from vehicles that provide exactly that information. There may even be a marketplace mechanism attached that lets you subscribe to those streams for a price. Let’s put all these concepts into a single buzzword-filled sentence: The Plumber for the Internet of Things will build an App Store for Following Device Feeds.

The Miners

Finally, to have tangible business value, companies are going to need to have simple ways of building systems that can analyze and act on this data once it has been collected. Today, that process is just far too complicated. Opportunities exist for startups to create software that vastly simplifies this process.

Let’s take the example of Wal-Mart, who has enormous database records that could potentially help the company with dynamic pricing. While I suspect that such systems already exist within Wal-Mart, I bet they took a very long time to build. They needed a small army of programmers to collect the data, a small army of statisticians to analyze it, and a small army of business economists to devise a robust set of pricing rules.

Ideally, what you’d like is for a non-technical pricing manager to be able to sit down and their desk and use simple visual software to model out their pricing rules. The inputs would come from the real-time stream of sensors. The model would express all the conditional logic. And the outputs would be the prices that are fed directly to the in-store digital price tags. Just like managers use spreadsheets to build financial models today, the managers of tomorrow will want to use software like this to build real-time business process logic. Once again, buzzword bingo: The Miner of the Internet of Things will build an Excel for Real-Time Business Operations.

All told, whether you are a Sensor, a Plumber, or a Miner, there are dozens of multi-billion dollar opportunities for entrepreneurs working in this space. The promise of the internet will only be fully realized once we build a future where ordinary things can think.

How Google is Killing Open Source

Google (as a company) is one of the world’s most ardent supporters of open source software. Beyond creating Chrome and Android, Google also sponsors the Summer of Code and provides hosting for countless other open source projects on Google Code. But unfortunately, Google (as an advertising-supported business model) may actually be the open source movement’s worst enemy.

How? It’s simple. Through AdSense and other publisher programs, Google has created an ecosystem where the dominant business model on the web is to give away a product for free and monetize it through advertising. Consequently, most software(-as-a-service) on the internet is free. As web-based software becomes free, it takes the wind out of the sails of the open source movement. If you can use so much awesome software for free these days, it’s much harder to be passionate about open source.

Of course, the original point of the open source movement was not just to let everyone have software gratis. The point was to allow everybody the freedom to tinker with code. As Richard Stallman puts it, we should support open source software because it is “Free as in freedom, not free as in beer“. Preserving this freedom allows for code to have greater security, for data to have greater portability, and for systems to have greater customizability. In other words, there are a lot of reasons to love open source software beyond the unbeatable price.

Yet somewhere, we lost our way. Instead of these principles, it seems that people’s disgust for paying for expensive proprietary software is what truly gave the open source movement its passion and its urgency. Linux was to be the antidote to Windows. MySQL the antidote to Oracle. And the list goes on.

Now with most web-based software being free, that urgency is gone. When was the last time you heard a chorus of people demand open source versions of web software? Where are the vociferous calls for an open source Google, Facebook, or Twitter? People are readily willing to stifle their urge to tinker so long as they can get these services delivered for free.

Going forward, I do hope that companies will still honor the principles of software freedom by releasing more open source software, whenever appropriate. (Hopefully not just to commoditize competitors). But I fear that the golden days of open source are gone. The movement is dead… just another victim of Google’s success.


Hello

Welcome to the blog of Samidh Chakrabarti, which revolves around the topic of innovation (from technology to entrepreneurship to policy), sprinkled with ample doses of et cetera.

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